In order to determine the role of the US withdrawal from Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPA) in 2018 in the evolution and change of the poverty framing, this study analyzes how poverty is framed in two categories of specialized (including leadership, Dolat, Mizan, Icana) and general websites (including Fars, Moj and Young Journalists Club) during 2017, 2018 and 2019. For this, it uses Framing as a theory, and the technique of Pan and Kosicki’s Frame analysis as a research method. Findings are categorized in four groups as syntactical, script, thematic, and rhetorical. The review indicates that 42,302 news and reports are distributed in these websites in the research period that 275 were identified as samples and recorded and analyzed in Maxquda software. The results show that, except for the Young Journalists Club, the way poverty is framed has changed on all cases since the imposition of sanctions, and sanctions highlighted as one of the main causes of poverty in the framing of poverty. In regard of agenda setting, the coverage of poverty news and reports is less than 10%; the poverty news coverage has been declining over the three years under study. The websites of Leadership and Moj have the largest coverage, and Young Journalists Club has the least amount (less than 1%) of coverage. Due to his type of agenda setting, the problem of poverty is marginalized in public opinion. The framing of poverty with emphasis on the US withdrawal from JCPA as the cause of poverty represent poverty as a temporary issue, silences the voice of the poor, and depicts the emergence of a new social form in Iranian society.

all the artistic and literary creations of human are related to each other in every period. In a comparative analysis between the artistic and literary creation of man in a period, the same stylistic features can be achieved. The extraction of common stylistic features Between different types of arts needs tools that examine all kinds of artistic and literary creations. The study of the performance of the two processes of selection and composition on the syntagmatic axis and paradigmatic axis is a tool that provides a comparative study of the style of all literary and artistic texts for the Researcher. In this paper, the way of the selection and combination of the signs on the syntagmatic axis and paradigmatic axis in the poetry of "Saeb Tabrizi" along with the miniaturists of the artist Kamal al-Din Behzad, is examined to extract their common stylistic features from the perspective of Linguistics. The results of this study indicate the parallel function of two selection and composition processes in frequency close to each other that the application of these two processes together lead to complications in Behzad's miniatures and Saeb's poetry.

Easy access to social media enables users to express their opinions and ideology about various topics like news, videos, and personalities freely, without any fear, and often in an offensive manner. It is a vital task to detect comments with offensive LANGUAGE on social media platforms and relies on a complete and comprehensive tagged dataset. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce and make publicly available PerBOLD, a new Persian comment dataset collected from Instagram as a popular platform among Iranian. We follow a two-level manual annotation process in order to determine whether a comment has offensive LANGUAGE or not and fine-grained tags of different types of offensive LANGUAGE. Furthermore, we present some interesting aspects of data and analysis them.

Explaining the meaning of “Clear Arabic LANGUAGE” (Arabic: لسان عربیّ مبین) in the Holy Quran according to the opinions of the commentators (the scholars who interpret the Holy Book of Quran) and the semantic functions of the words is the main issue of this research. Differences of opinion of commentators (Arabic: مفسّر; plural: Arabic: مفسّرون, Romanized: mufassirūn) and citing their views for different reasons necessitated this research. The present article has been studied and evaluated the opinions of the commentators in interpreting the verse and considers their views about “Clear Arabic LANGUAGE” (Arabic: لسان عربیّ مبین) in four parts. These include: Taḥaddī (Arabic: تحدّی, The Quranic Challenge), the LANGUAGE of the audience and the place of revelation, the honor and capacities of the Arabic LANGUAGE, the eloquence and explicitness of the specific LANGUAGE of the Qur'an. The results of the research show that the “Clear Arabic LANGUAGE” beyond the opinions of the commentators is a common understanding that has revealed the superhuman LANGUAGE of revelation through human conversational style and considered the universal characteristics, transhumanism, transhistorical of the Holy Book of Quran while considering the conditions and understanding of the audience. Paying attention to the Quranic meaning of related words and narrations as well as Saussure’s linguistic point of view can confirm the recent meaning.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of METAPHORIC mapping instruction (MMI) on learning figurative LANGUAGE (FL) by left and right-brain dominant learners. Ninety female intermediate EFL learners participated in the study. Thirty served as the control group and received no MMI. The other 60 learners were given the Brain Dominance Questionnaire (Davis, 1994). Based on the results, they were divided into left-brain dominant and right-brain dominant groups who. After administering a pre-test to the participants, the treatment unfolded for the experimental groups in line with Kö vecses (2001, cited in Chen, 2016) to provide learners with MMI. The treatment lasted for ten sessions and after the termination of the treatment, the participants were post-tested on FL ability. The results of the Analyses of Variance indicated that MMI was significantly effective in promoting FL ability. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the effect of MMI on left-brain and right-brain dominant learners with the right-brain dominant learners outperforming the left-brain dominant ones.

Many books have been written to illustrate the position of the new technologies in teaching and learning a foreign or second LANGUAGE (L2); nonetheless, most of these books have not been successful. The Handbook of Technology and Second LANGUAGE Teaching and Learning edited by Caral A. Chapell and Shanon Sauro and published by Wiley Blackwell in 2017, provides a comprehensive overview of the various facets of the use of technology in teaching and learning an L2. This book has not been translated into Persian and no critical review has been published for it; accordingly, this study sought to both introduce and critically review this book. The current critical review revealed some advantages including comprehensiveness of the whole book, the expertise of the writers, up-to-dateness, content and format integrity, and the use of valid sources. The main criticisms are the exclusion of some of the very recent technologies, perhaps due to the ever-changing and exponentially volatile nature of the technological improvements and expansions, the introduction of too many technologies at the theoretical level without providing information about their practical use. Generally, the book is an invaluable and academically written source for L2 practitioners, postgraduate students, and researchers.

The METAPHORIC and Metonymic POLEs is one of the Famous Contemporary Linguistic Theories Attributed to Romagna Jacobsen, one of the Famous Theorists in this Field, who Believes that every Discourse Driven from one of the two METAPHORIC or Metonymic POLEs. He Holds that the Metonymic POLE of LANGUAGE is Used in Prose while the METAPHORIC POLE is a Feature of Poetry. David Lodge, the Contemporary Literary Critic and Novelist, has Analyzed Roman Jakobson’ s Theory, Expanding it. Interpreting Jakobson’ s Theory, he Maintains that in Prose, in Addition to Contiguity Relations and the Metonymic POLE of LANGUAGE, the METAPHORIC POLE Also Exists. Lodge Sees the Modernist Fiction as a Blend of Similarity and Contiguity Relations, or METAPHORIC and Metonymic POLEs. In his View, Although the METAPHORICal POLE is not Explicitly Manifested in Modern Novels, their Authors Draw on Techniques Through Which Prose-which is Essentially a Metonymic form-Takes a METAPHORICal form and as a Result, the New Novels have METAPHORICal Titles. Our Main Question in This Research is: in Contemporary Persian Novels, How are the Titles of the Story and the Text, Based on David Lodge's Linguistic Theory, Influenced by each other Linguistically and Semantically, and how did the Narrative Style Play a Role in the Formation of the Title? the Present Research has Applied David Lodge’ s Theory to Six Prominent Persian Novels, Namely “ Symphony of the Dead” , “ the Blind Owl” , “ the Last Game of the Lady” , “ Nocturnal Harmony of Lumbers’ Orchestra” , and “ the School Principal” . This Research Shows that this Theory can be Applied to Analysis of Novel Titles Based on the METAPHORIC and Metonymic POLEs. Therefore, Novels with Modernist Features that are Shaped According to the METAPHORIC POLE of LANGUAGE have METAPHORIC Titles, and Novels in which Elements are Created Metonymically have Metonymic Titles.

This essay is concentrated on Romantic Image. Romantic Image essentially is deferent with classic, symbolic, Surrealistic and imagistic Image, in nature and aesthetic. The author sets forth essence of romantic Image in three sections: The first section explains four special feature of Romantic Image 1) poet's transmutation in nature and things 2) images as shadow 3) running images and 4) individual aspect of image). The second section discusses the relation between images and their places in context of poem with two features of connection and running. The third section explains three functions of romantic images. The final part deals with the METAPHORIC POLE of LANGUAGE in romantic writings. This essay is aimed at distinguishing classical and romantic imagination and set forth process of creature, value of aesthetics and origin of image insights in these kinds of writing.